Imoto kaphethiloli yendabuko idinga ama-chips angu-500 kuya kwangu-600, futhi cishe izimoto ezingu-1,000 ezixutshwe ukukhanya, ama-plug-in hybrids nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezingenasici zidinga okungenani ama-chips angu-2,000.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile, akukona nje kuphela isidingo sama-chips wezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe eziye zaqhubeka nokwanda, kodwa futhi isidingo sama-chips wendabuko sizoqhubeka sikhula.Le yi-MCU.Ngaphezu kokwenyuka kwenani lamabhayisikili, isilawuli sesizinda siphinde silethe isidingo esisha sokuphepha okuphezulu, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, namandla aphezulu e-computing ye-MCU.
I-MCU, Iyunithi ye-MicroController, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-single -chip microcomputer/microcontroller/single -chip microcomputer, ihlanganisa i-CPU, inkumbulo, kanye nemisebenzi ye-peripheral ku-chip eyodwa ukuze kwakhe ikhompyutha yezinga le-chip enomsebenzi wokulawula.Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukufeza ukucubungula nokulawula isignali.Umnyombo wesistimu yokulawula ehlakaniphile.
Ama-MCU kanye ne-automotive electronics, imboni, amakhompuyutha namanethiwekhi, izinto zikagesi zabathengi, izinto zasendlini kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto kuhlobene eduze nempilo yethu.I-Car Electronics iyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke kugesi wezimoto, futhi ama-electron ezimoto enza ama-33% emhlabeni jikelele.
Isakhiwo se-MCU
I-MCU yakhiwa ikakhulukazi i-CPU yephrosesa emaphakathi, inkumbulo (i-ROM ne-RAM), isikhombimsebenzisi se-I/O sokufaka nokuphumayo, imbobo ye-serial, ikhawunta, njll.
CPU: I-Central Processing Unit, iphrosesa emaphakathi, iyingxenye esemqoka ngaphakathi kwe-MCU.Izingxenye zengxenye zingaqedela ukusebenza kwelogic ye-arithmetic yedatha, ukucubungula okuguquguqukayo okuncane, nokusebenza kokudlulisa idatha.Izingxenye zokulawula zixhumanisa umsebenzi ngokuhambisana nesikhathi esithile ngokulandelana ukuze zihlaziye futhi zikhiphe imiyalelo.
I-ROM: Inkumbulo efundwayo kuphela inkumbulo yohlelo esetshenziswa ukugcina izinhlelo ezibhalwe abakhiqizi.Ulwazi lufundwa ngendlela engacekeli phansi.Ingqikithi
RAM: Inkumbulo Yokufinyelela Okungahleliwe, inkumbulo yedatha eshintshanisa ngokuqondile idatha ne-CPU, futhi idatha ayikwazi ukugcinwa ngemva kokuphelelwa amandla.Uhlelo lungabhalwa futhi lufundwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi uma lusebenza, oluvame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina idatha yesikhashana yezinhlelo zokusebenza noma ezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-CPU ne-MCU:
I-CPU iwumongo wokulawula ukusebenza.Ngaphezu kwe-CPU, i-MCU iqukethe ne-ROM noma i-RAM, okuyi-chip -level chip.Ezivamile i-SOC (System On Chip), ebizwa ngokuthi i-system -level chips akwazi ukugcina nokusebenzisa ikhodi yezinga lesistimu, ukusebenzisa i-QNX, i-Linux nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa amayunithi amaningi okucubungula (CPU+GPU +DSP+NPU+storage). + iyunithi yesixhumi esibonakalayo).
Izinombolo ze-MCU
Inombolo isho ububanzi be-MCU ngayinye yokucubungula idatha.Lapho inani lamadijithi liphezulu, amandla okucubungula idatha ye-MCU anamandla.Njengamanje, okubaluleke kakhulu yizinombolo ezingu-8, 16, kanye nezingu-32, lapho ama-bits angu-32 abiza kakhulu futhi akhula ngokushesha.
Ezinhlelweni ze-automotive electronics, izindleko ze-8 -bit MCU ziphansi futhi kulula ukuzithuthukisa.Njengamanje, isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula okulula, njengokukhanyisa, amanzi emvula, amafasitela, izihlalo, neminyango.Kodwa-ke, ezicini ezixaka kakhulu, njengokuboniswa kwensimbi, amasistimu olwazi lokuzijabulisa kwemoto, amasistimu okulawula amandla, i-chassis, amasistimu okusiza ukushayela, njll., ikakhulukazi i-32 -bit, kanye nenguquko ephindaphindayo yokufakwa kukagesi kwezimoto, ubuhlakani, kanye nenethiwekhi, Amandla ekhompyutha Izidingo ze-MCU nazo ziya ngokuya ziba phezulu.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemoto ye-MCU
Ngaphambi kokuthi umphakeli we-MCU angene ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka nge-OEM, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuqedela izitifiketi ezintathu ezinkulu: isigaba sokuklama kufanele silandele izinga lokuvikeleka elisebenzayo le-ISO 26262, ukugeleza nokupakisha kufanele kulandele i-AEC-Q001 ~ 004 ne-IATF16949, njengoba kanye nangesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlolwa kwesitifiketi Landela i-AEC-Q100/Q104.
Phakathi kwazo, i-ISO 26262 ichaza amazinga amane okuphepha e-ASIL, ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu, A, B, C, no-D;I-AEC-Q100 ihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amane okuthembeka, ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu, 3, 2, 1, no-0 ngokulandelana, 3, 2, 1, kanye no-0 Essence Isitifiketi se-AEC-Q100 ngokuvamile sithatha iminyaka engu-1-2, kuyilapho i Isitifiketi se-ISO 26262 sinzima kakhulu futhi umjikelezo mude.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MCU embonini yezimoto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MCU embonini yezimoto kubanzi kakhulu.Isibonelo, ithebula elingaphambili liwuhlelo lokusebenza oluvela ezinsizakalweni zomzimba, amasistimu kagesi, i-chassis, ukuzijabulisa kolwazi lwemoto, nokushayela okuhlakaniphile.Ngokufika kwenkathi yezimoto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile, isidingo sabantu semikhiqizo ye-MCU sizoba namandla nakakhulu.
Ukwenza ugesi:
1. Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri BMS: I-BMS idinga ukulawula ukushaja nokukhipha, izinga lokushisa, nokulinganisa kwebhethri.Ibhodi lokulawula eliyinhloko lidinga i-MCU, futhi ikhonsoli yesigqila ngayinye idinga i-MCU eyodwa;
2.Isilawuli semoto VCU: Ukuphathwa kwamandla emoto kagesi kudinga ukwandisa isilawuli semoto, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ifakwe ama-MCU angu-32 -bit aphezulu, ahluke ezinhlelweni zefektri ngayinye;
3.Isilawuli senjini/isilawuli sebhokisi legiya: ukushintshwa kwesitoko, isilawuli se-inverter yemoto kagesi i-MCU enye isilawuli senjini yemoto kawoyela.Ngenxa yejubane eliphezulu lemoto, isinciphisi sidinga ukwehliswa.Isilawuli se-gearbox.
Ubuhlakani:
1. Njengamanje, imakethe yezimoto yasekhaya isesigabeni sokungena ngesivinini esiphezulu se-L2.Kusukela kuzindleko eziphelele nokucatshangelwa kokusebenza, i-OEM inyusa umsebenzi we-ADAS usasebenzisa i-architecture esabalalisiwe.Ngokunyuka kwezinga lokulayisha, i-MCU yokucubungula ulwazi lwenzwa nayo ikhuphuka ngokufanele.
2. Ngenxa yenani elikhulayo lemisebenzi ye-cockpit, indima yama-chips amasha anamandla aphezulu ibaluleka kakhulu, futhi isimo se-MCU esihambisanayo sehlile.
Ubuciko
I-MCU ngokwayo inezidingo ezibalulekile zamandla ekhompyutha futhi ayinazo izidingo eziphezulu zezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe.Ngasikhathi sinye, isitoreji sayo esishumekiwe esakhelwe ngaphakathi siphinde sikhawulele ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo ye-MCU.Sebenzisa inqubo engu-28nm ngemikhiqizo ye-MCU.Imininingwane yemithetho yezimoto ikakhulukazi ama-wafers angu-8-inch.Abanye abakhiqizi, ikakhulukazi i-IDM, sebeqalile ukutshalwa kabusha endaweni eyi-12-intshi.
Izinqubo zamanje ze-28nm kanye ne-40nm yizona ezihamba phambili emakethe.
Amabhizinisi ajwayelekile ekhaya naphesheya
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kanye nama-MCU ebanga lezimboni, i-MCU yezinga lemoto inezidingo eziphakeme ngokwendawo yokusebenza, ukwethembeka kanye nomjikelezo wokuhlinzeka.Ngaphezu kwalokho Kunzima ukungena, ngakho-ke isakhiwo semakethe ye-MCU sigxile ngokujwayelekile.Ngo-2021, izinkampani ezinhlanu eziphezulu ze-MCU emhlabeni zenza ama-82%.
Njengamanje, i-MCU yezwe lami yezinga lezimoto isesesikhathini sokwethulwa, futhi uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla lunamandla amakhulu okushintsha umhlaba kanye nekhaya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-08-2023