Imoto kaphethiloli yendabuko idinga ama-chips angu-500 kuya kwangu-600, futhi cishe izimoto ezingu-1,000 ezixutshwe ukukhanya, ama-plug-in hybrids nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezingenasici zidinga okungenani ama-chips angu-2,000.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi enqubweni yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile, akukona nje kuphela isidingo sama-chips wezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe eziye zaqhubeka nokwanda, kodwa futhi isidingo sama-chips wendabuko sizoqhubeka sikhula. Le yi-MCU. Ngaphezu kokwenyuka kwenani lamabhayisikili, isilawuli sesizinda siphinde silethe isidingo esisha sokuvikeleka okuphezulu, ukwethembeka okuphezulu, namandla aphezulu e-computing ye-MCU.
I-MCU, i-MicroController Unit, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-single -chip microcomputer/microcontroller/single -chip microcomputer, ihlanganisa i-CPU, inkumbulo, kanye nemisebenzi ye-peripheral ku-chip eyodwa ukuze kwakhe ikhompyutha yezinga le-chip enomsebenzi wokulawula. Ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa ukufeza ukucubungula nokulawula isignali. Umnyombo wesistimu yokulawula ehlakaniphile.
Ama-MCU kanye ne-automotive electronics, imboni, amakhompuyutha namanethiwekhi, izinto zikagesi zabathengi, izinto zasendlini kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto kuhlobene eduze nempilo yethu. I-Car Electronics iyimakethe enkulu kunazo zonke kugesi wezimoto, futhi ama-electron ezimoto enza ama-33% emhlabeni jikelele.
Isakhiwo se-MCU
I-MCU yakhiwa ikakhulukazi i-CPU yephrosesa emaphakathi, inkumbulo (i-ROM ne-RAM), isikhombimsebenzisi se-I/O sokufaka nokuphumayo, imbobo ye-serial, ikhawunta, njll.
CPU: I-Central Processing Unit, iphrosesa emaphakathi, iyingxenye esemqoka ngaphakathi kwe-MCU. Izingxenye zengxenye zingaqedela ukusebenza kwelogic ye-arithmetic yedatha, ukucubungula okuguquguqukayo okuncane, nokusebenza kokudlulisa idatha. Izingxenye zokulawula zixhumanisa umsebenzi ngokuhambisana nesikhathi esithile ngokulandelana ukuze zihlaziye futhi zikhiphe imiyalelo.
I-ROM: Inkumbulo efundwayo kuphela inkumbulo yohlelo esetshenziswa ukugcina izinhlelo ezibhalwe abakhiqizi. Ulwazi lufundwa ngendlela engacekeli phansi. Ingqikithi
RAM: Inkumbulo Yokufinyelela Okungahleliwe, inkumbulo yedatha eshintshanisa ngokuqondile idatha ne-CPU, futhi idatha ayikwazi ukugcinwa ngemva kokuphelelwa amandla. Uhlelo lungabhalwa futhi lufundwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi uma lusebenza, oluvame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina idatha yesikhashana yezinhlelo zokusebenza noma ezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-CPU ne-MCU:
I-CPU iwumongo wokulawula ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwe-CPU, i-MCU iqukethe ne-ROM noma i-RAM, okuyi-chip -level chip. Ezivamile i-SOC (System On Chip), ebizwa ngokuthi i-system -level chips akwazi ukugcina nokusebenzisa ikhodi yezinga lesistimu, ukusebenzisa i-QNX, i-Linux nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, okuhlanganisa amayunithi amaningi okucubungula (CPU+GPU +DSP+NPU+storage). + iyunithi yesixhumi esibonakalayo).
Izinombolo ze-MCU
Inombolo isho ububanzi be-MCU ngayinye yokucubungula idatha. Lapho inani lamadijithi liphezulu, amandla okucubungula idatha ye-MCU anamandla. Njengamanje, okubaluleke kakhulu yizinombolo ezingu-8, 16, kanye nezingu-32, lapho ama-bits angu-32 abiza kakhulu futhi akhula ngokushesha.
Ezinhlelweni ze-automotive electronics, izindleko ze-8 -bit MCU ziphansi futhi kulula ukuzithuthukisa. Njengamanje, isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula okulula, njengokukhanyisa, amanzi emvula, amafasitela, izihlalo, neminyango. Kodwa-ke, ezicini ezixaka kakhulu, njengokuboniswa kwensimbi, amasistimu olwazi lokuzijabulisa kwemoto, amasistimu okulawula amandla, i-chassis, amasistimu okusiza ukushayela, njll., ikakhulukazi i-32 -bit, kanye nenguquko ephindaphindayo yokufakwa kukagesi kwezimoto, ubuhlakani, kanye nenethiwekhi, Amandla ekhompyutha Izidingo ze-MCU nazo ziya ngokuya ziba phezulu.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwemoto ye-MCU
Ngaphambi kokuthi umphakeli we-MCU angene ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka nge-OEM, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuqedela izitifiketi ezintathu ezinkulu: isigaba sokuklama kufanele silandele izinga lokuvikeleka elisebenzayo le-ISO 26262, ukugeleza nokupakisha kufanele kulandele i-AEC-Q001 ~ 004 ne-IATF16949, njengoba kanye nangesikhathi sesigaba sokuhlolwa kwesitifiketi Landela i-AEC-Q100/Q104.
Phakathi kwazo, i-ISO 26262 ichaza amazinga amane okuphepha e-ASIL, ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu, A, B, C, no-D; I-AEC-Q100 ihlukaniswe ngamaleveli amane okuthembeka, ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu, 3, 2, 1, no-0 ngokulandelana, 3, 2, 1, kanye no-0 Essence Isitifiketi se-AEC-Q100 ngokuvamile sithatha iminyaka engu-1-2, kuyilapho i Isitifiketi se-ISO 26262 sinzima kakhulu futhi umjikelezo mude.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MCU embonini yezimoto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-MCU embonini yezimoto kubanzi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ithebula elingaphambili liwuhlelo lokusebenza oluvela ezinsizakalweni zomzimba, amasistimu kagesi, i-chassis, ukuzijabulisa kolwazi lwemoto, nokushayela okuhlakaniphile. Ngokufika kwenkathi yezimoto zikagesi ezihlakaniphile, isidingo sabantu semikhiqizo ye-MCU sizoba namandla nakakhulu.
Ukwenza ugesi:
1. Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri BMS: I-BMS idinga ukulawula ukushaja nokukhipha, izinga lokushisa, nokulinganisa kwebhethri. Ibhodi lokulawula eliyinhloko lidinga i-MCU, futhi ikhonsoli yesigqila ngayinye idinga i-MCU eyodwa;
2.Isilawuli semoto VCU: Ukuphathwa kwamandla emoto kagesi kudinga ukwandisa isilawuli semoto, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ifakwe ama-MCU angu-32 -bit aphezulu, ahluke ezinhlelweni zefektri ngayinye;
3.Isilawuli senjini/isilawuli sebhokisi legiya: ukushintshwa kwesitoko, isilawuli se-inverter yemoto kagesi i-MCU enye isilawuli senjini yemoto kawoyela. Ngenxa yejubane eliphezulu lemoto, isinciphisi sidinga ukwehliswa. Isilawuli se-gearbox.
Ubuhlakani:
1. Njengamanje, imakethe yezimoto yasekhaya isesigabeni sokungena ngesivinini esiphezulu se-L2. Kusukela kuzindleko eziphelele nokucatshangelwa kokusebenza, i-OEM inyusa umsebenzi we-ADAS usasebenzisa i-architecture esabalalisiwe. Ngokunyuka kwezinga lokulayisha, i-MCU yokucubungula ulwazi lwenzwa nayo ikhuphuka ngokufanele.
2. Ngenxa yenani elikhulayo lemisebenzi ye-cockpit, indima yama-chips amasha anamandla aphezulu ibaluleka kakhulu, futhi isimo se-MCU esihambisanayo sehlile.
Ubuciko
I-MCU ngokwayo inezidingo ezibalulekile zamandla ekhompyutha futhi ayinazo izidingo eziphezulu zezinqubo ezithuthukisiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, isitoreji sayo esishumekiwe esakhelwe ngaphakathi siphinde sikhawulele ukwenziwa ngcono kwenqubo ye-MCU. Sebenzisa inqubo engu-28nm ngemikhiqizo ye-MCU. Imininingwane yemithetho yemoto ikakhulukazi ama-wafers angu-8-inch. Abanye abakhiqizi, ikakhulukazi i-IDM, sebeqalile ukutshalwa kabusha endaweni eyi-12-intshi.
Izinqubo zamanje ze-28nm kanye ne-40nm yizona ezihamba phambili emakethe.
Amabhizinisi ajwayelekile ekhaya naphesheya
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kanye nama-MCU ebanga lezimboni, i-MCU yezinga lemoto inezidingo eziphakeme ngokwendawo yokusebenza, ukwethembeka kanye nomjikelezo wokuhlinzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho Kunzima ukungena, ngakho-ke isakhiwo semakethe ye-MCU sigxile ngokujwayelekile. Ngo-2021, izinkampani ezinhlanu eziphezulu ze-MCU emhlabeni zenza ama-82%.
Njengamanje, i-MCU yezwe lami yezinga lezimoto isesesikhathini sokwethulwa, futhi uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla lunamandla amakhulu okushintsha indawo kanye nekhaya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-08-2023
