1. Ama-Electrolytic capacitors
Ama-electrolytic capacitor ama-capacitor akhiwe ungqimba lwe-oxidation ku-electrode ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-electrolyte njengongqimba oluvikelayo, oluvame ukuba nomthamo omkhulu. I-electrolyte iwuketshezi, into efana nejeli ecebile ngama-ion, futhi iningi lama-electrolytic capacitor ayi-polar, okungukuthi, lapho isebenza, i-voltage ye-electrode enhle ye-capacitor idinga ukuba njalo iphakeme kune-voltage engalungile.
Umthamo ophezulu wama-capacitor e-electrolytic nawo uyanikelwa ngenxa yezinye izici eziningi, ezinjengokuba namandla okuvuza okukhulu, uchungechunge olulinganayo lwe-inductance nokumelana, iphutha elikhulu lokubekezelela, nempilo emfushane.
Ngaphezu kwama-polar electrolytic capacitor, kukhona nama-non-polar electrolytic capacitor. Emfanekisweni ongezansi, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-1000uF, 16V electrolytic capacitor. Phakathi kwazo, enkulu ayiyona i-polar, kanti encane i-polar.
(Ama-non-polar kanye nama-polar electrolytic capacitor)
Ingaphakathi le-electrolytic capacitor lingase libe i-electrolyte ewuketshezi noma i-polymer eqinile, futhi impahla ye-electrode ngokuvamile iyi-Aluminium (Aluminium) noma i-tantalum (Tandalum). Okulandelayo i-polar aluminium electrolytic capacitor evamile ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zama-electrode kukhona ungqimba lwephepha le-fiber elifakwe ku-electrolyte, kanye nongqimba lwephepha lokuvikela eliphenduke isilinda, elivalwe egobolondweni le-aluminium.
(Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-electrolytic capacitor)
Ukukhipha i-electrolytic capacitor, isakhiwo sayo esiyisisekelo singabonakala ngokucacile. Ukuze uvimbele ukuhwamuka nokuvuza kwe-electrolyte, ingxenye yephinikhodi ye-capacitor ihlanganiswe nerabha yokuvala.
Yiqiniso, isibalo siphinde sibonisa umehluko wevolumu yangaphakathi phakathi kwe-polar kanye ne-non-polar electrolytic capacitors. Kumthamo ofanayo kanye nezinga le-voltage, i-non-polar electrolytic capacitor cishe inkulu ngokuphindwe kabili kune-polar.
(Isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-non-polar kanye ne-polar electrolytic capacitor)
Lo mehluko ikakhulukazi uvela umehluko omkhulu endaweni electrode ngaphakathi capacitor ezimbili. I-electrode ye-non-polar capacitor ingakwesobunxele futhi i-electrode ye-polar ingakwesokudla. Ngaphezu komehluko wendawo, ukujiya kwama-electrode amabili nakho kuhlukile, futhi ubukhulu be-polar capacitor electrode buncane.
(Ishidi le-aluminium ye-Electrolytic capacitor enobubanzi obuhlukile)
2. Ukuqhuma kwe-capacitor
Lapho i-voltage esetshenziswa yi-capacitor idlula i-voltage yayo yokumelana, noma lapho i-polarity ye-voltage ye-polar electrolytic capacitor ihlehliswa, i-capacitor leakage current izokhuphuka kakhulu, okuholela ekwandeni kokushisa kwangaphakathi kwe-capacitor, kanye ne-electrolyte. izokhiqiza igesi eningi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukuqhuma kwe-capacitor, kukhona ama-grooves amathathu acindezelwe phezulu kwezindlu ze-capacitor, ukuze phezulu kwe-capacitor kube lula ukuphuka ngaphansi kokucindezela okukhulu nokukhulula ukucindezela kwangaphakathi.
(Ithangi eliqhumayo phezulu kwe-electrolytic capacitor)
Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-capacitor enqubweni yokukhiqiza, ukucindezela okuphezulu kwe-groove akufanelekile, ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor kuzokwenza irabha yokubeka uphawu ngaphansi kwe-capacitor ikhishwe, ngalesi sikhathi ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor kukhishwa ngokuzumayo, kuzokwakhiwa. ukuqhuma.
1, ukuqhuma kwe-non-polar electrolytic capacitor
Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa i-non-polar electrolytic capacitor eseduze, enamandla angu-1000uF kanye ne-voltage engu-16V. Ngemuva kokuthi i-voltage esetshenzisiwe idlula i-18V, amandla okuvuza akhuphuka ngokuzumayo, futhi izinga lokushisa nokucindezela ngaphakathi kwe-capacitor kuyanda. Ekugcineni, uphawu lwenjoloba olungaphansi kwe-capacitor luyavuleka, futhi ama-electrode angaphakathi aphihlizwa axege njenge-popcorn.
(ukuqhuma kwe-non-polar electrolytic capacitor overvoltage)
Ngokuhlanganisa i-thermocouple ku-capacitor, kungenzeka ukukala inqubo lapho izinga lokushisa le-capacitor lishintsha njengoba i-voltage esetshenzisiwe ikhula. Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa i-non-polar capacitor ekukhuleni kwe-voltage, lapho i-voltage esetshenzisiwe idlula inani lokumelana ne-voltage, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi liyaqhubeka nokwandisa inqubo.
(Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage nezinga lokushisa)
Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa ushintsho lwamanje olugeleza nge-capacitor ngesikhathi senqubo efanayo. Kungabonakala ukuthi ukwanda kwamanje kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa langaphakathi. Kule nqubo, i-voltage ikhuphuka ngokulinganayo, futhi njengoba okwamanje ikhuphuka kakhulu, iqembu lokunikezwa kwamandla lenza ukwehla kwe-voltage. Ekugcineni, lapho i-current idlula i-6A, i-capacitor iqhuma ngomsindo omkhulu.
(Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage neyamanje)
Ngenxa yomthamo omkhulu wangaphakathi we-non-polar electrolytic capacitor kanye nenani le-electrolyte, ingcindezi ekhiqizwa ngemva kokuchichima inkulu, okuholela ekutheni ithangi lokukhulula ingcindezi phezulu kwegobolondo lingaphuli, futhi irabha yokuvala iphansi. ye-capacitor ishaywa ivuliwe.
2, ukuqhuma kwe-polar electrolytic capacitor
Ku-polar electrolytic capacitor, i-voltage isetshenziswa. Lapho i-voltage idlula i-voltage yokumelana ye-capacitor, ukuvuza kwamanje kuzophinde kukhuphuke kakhulu, kubangele ukuthi i-capacitor idlule futhi iqhume.
Isibalo esingezansi sibonisa i-electrolytic capacitor ekhawulelayo, enamandla angu-1000uF kanye ne-voltage engu-16V. Ngemuva kokugcwala ngokweqile, inqubo yokucindezela kwangaphakathi ikhishwa ngethangi eliphezulu lokusiza ingcindezi, ngakho-ke inqubo yokuqhuma kwe-capacitor iyagwenywa.
Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa le-capacitor lishintsha kanjani ngokunyuka kwe-voltage esetshenzisiwe. Njengoba i-voltage isondela kancane kancane ku-voltage yokumelana ne-capacitor, i-current residual ye-capacitor iyanda, futhi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi liyaqhubeka likhuphuka.
(Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage nezinga lokushisa)
Isibalo esilandelayo ushintsho lwamanje lokuvuza kwe-capacitor, i-electrolytic capacitor engu-16V ebizwa ngokuthi, ohlelweni lokuhlola, lapho i-voltage idlula i-15V, ukuvuza kwe-capacitor kuqala ukuphakama kakhulu.
(Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage neyamanje)
Ngenqubo yokuhlola yama-electrolytic capacitor amabili okuqala, kungase futhi kubonakale ukuthi umkhawulo kagesi wama-capacitor angu-1000uF avamile we-electrolytic. Ukuze ugweme ukuwohloka kwe-high-voltage ye-capacitor, uma usebenzisa i-electrolytic capacitor, kuyadingeka ukushiya i-margin eyanele ngokuvumelana nokuguquguquka kwangempela kwe-voltage.
3,electrolytic capacitors ochungechungeni
Lapho kufanele khona, amandla amakhulu kanye namandla amakhulu okumelana ne-voltage kungatholwa ngokuxhuma okuhambisanayo nochungechunge, ngokulandelana.
(i-popcorn ye-electrolytic capacitor ngemuva kokuqhuma kokucindezela ngokweqile)
Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, i-voltage esetshenziswa ku-capacitor i-AC voltage, njengama-coupling capacitor ezipikha, isinxephezelo sesigaba samanje esishintshanayo, ama-motor phase-shifting capacitor, njll., edinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-non-polar electrolytic capacitor.
Ebhukwini lomsebenzisi elinikezwe abakhiqizi abathile be-capacitor, kuphinde kunikezwe ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-capacitor avamile we-polar ngochungechunge lwe-back-to-back, okungukuthi, ama-capacitor amabili ochungechungeni ndawonye, kodwa i-polarity iphambene ukuze uthole umphumela wokungewona ama-polar capacitors.
(i-electrolytic capacitance ngemuva kokuqhuma kwe-overvoltage)
Okulandelayo ukuqhathanisa i-polar capacitor ekusetshenzisweni kwe-voltage eya phambili, i-reverse voltage, uchungechunge lwama-electrolytic capacitor emuva-kuya-ngemuva zibe yizimo ezintathu ze-non-polar capacitance, ukuvuza izinguquko zamanje ngokunyuka kwe-voltage esetshenzisiwe.
1. I-voltage eya phambili kanye nokuvuza kwamanje
I-current egeleza nge-capacitor ikalwa ngokuxhuma isixhasi ochungechungeni. Ngaphakathi kwebanga lokubekezelela i-voltage ye-electrolytic capacitor (1000uF, 16V), i-voltage esetshenzisiwe ikhuphuka kancane kancane isuka ku-0V ukuze kukale ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvuza okuhambisanayo kwamanje kanye ne-voltage.
(ikhono lochungechunge oluhle)
Isibalo esilandelayo sibonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla avuzayo kanye ne-voltage ye-polar aluminium electrolytic capacitor, okuwubudlelwano obungaqondile nokuvuza kwamanje ngaphansi kuka-0.5mA.
(Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage neyamanje ngemuva kochungechunge oluya phambili)
2, i-voltage ehlehlayo kanye nokuvuza kwamanje
Ukusebenzisa i-current efanayo ukukala ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage ye-directional esetshenzisiwe kanye ne-electrolytic capacitor leakage current, kungabonakala kumfanekiso ongezansi ukuthi lapho i-voltage esetshenzisiwe ehlehlayo idlula i-4V, ukuvuza kwamanje kuqala ukwanda ngokushesha. Kusukela emthambekeni wejika elilandelayo, i-electrolytic capacitance ehlehlayo ilingana nokumelana okungu-1 ohms.
(Reverse voltage Relationship between voltage and current)
3. Ama-capacitor ochungechunge abuyela emuva
Ama-electrolytic capacitor amabili afanayo (1000uF, 16V) axhunywe emuva abheke emuva ochungechungeni ukuze akhe i-electrolytic capacitor engeyona i-polar elinganayo, bese kuba ijika lobudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage yawo namandla avuzayo ayalinganiswa.
(i-polarity series capacitance enhle nebi)
Umdwebo olandelayo ubonisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-capacitor voltage kanye nokuvuza kwamanje, futhi ungabona ukuthi ukuvuza kwamanje kuyanda ngemva kokuba i-voltage esetshenzisiwe idlula i-4V, futhi i-amplitude yamanje ingaphansi kwe-1.5mA.
Futhi lesi silinganiso siyamangaza kancane, ngoba uyabona ukuthi ukuvuza kwamanje kulawa ma-capacitor amabili abuyela emuva empeleni kukhulu kunokuvuza kwamanje kwe-capacitor eyodwa lapho i-voltage isetshenziswa phambili.
(Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-voltage neyamanje ngemuva kochungechunge oluhle nolubi)
Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu zesikhathi, kwakungekho ukuhlolwa okuphindaphindiwe kwalesi simo. Mhlawumbe enye yama-capacitor asetshenzisiwe kwakuyi-capacitor yokuhlolwa kwe-voltage ebuyela emuva manje, futhi kwakukhona umonakalo ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke ijika lokuhlola elingenhla lakhiqizwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-25-2023
