"Isisebenzi sendiza esineminyaka engu-23 ubudala sase-China Southern Airlines sishaywe ugesi sikhuluma ku-iPhone5 yaso ngesikhathi sishaja", lezi zindaba zidonse amehlo abantu abaningi ku-inthanethi. Ingabe amashaja angabeka izimpilo engozini? Ochwepheshe bahlaziya ukuvuza kwe-transformer ngaphakathi kweshaja yeselula, ukuvuza okukhona manje okungu-220VAC okushintshanayo kuye ekugcineni kwe-DC, futhi ngomugqa wedatha oya kugobolondo lensimbi lomakhalekhukhwini, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekubanjweni kukagesi, ukwenzeka kwenhlekelele engenakulungiseka.
Pho kungani ukuphuma kweshaja yocingo lweselula kuza ne-220V AC? Yini okufanele siyinake lapho kukhethwa ugesi ongawodwa? Ungahlukanisa kanjani phakathi kwezinsiza zamandla ezingazodwa nezingezodwa? Umbono ojwayelekile embonini uthi:
1. Ukunikezwa kukagesi okukodwa: Alukho uxhumano lukagesi oluqondile phakathi kweluphu yokufaka kanye neluphu yokuphumayo kokuphakelwa kwamandla, futhi okokufaka nokukhiphayo kusesimweni sokumelana okuphezulu okuvalekile ngaphandle kweluphu yamanje, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1:
2, ukunikezwa kwamandla okungahlukanisiwe:kukhona iluphu yamanje eqondile phakathi kokufaka nokuphumayo, isibonelo, okokufaka nokukhiphayo kuvamile. Isekhethi ehlukanisiwe ye-flyback kanye nesekhethi ye-BUCK engeyona yodwa ithathwa njengezibonelo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuMfanekiso 2.Umfanekiso 1 Ukunikezwa kwamandla okukodwa ne-transformer.
1.Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kokuphakelwa kukagesi okukodwa kanye nogesi ongahlukanisiwe
Ngokwale mibono engenhla, ku-topology yokunikezwa kwamandla okujwayelekile, ugesi ongahlukanisiwe ikakhulukazi uhlanganisa i-Buck, Boost, buck-boost, njll. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukanisa ikakhulukazi kunezinhlobonhlobo ze-flyback, phambili, i-half-bridge, LLC kanye amanye ama-topology ane-isolation transformers.
Kuhlanganiswe nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwamandla kagesi ahlukanisiwe futhi angahlukanisiwe, singathola ngokunembile ezinye zezinzuzo kanye nokubi, izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwakho kokubili kucishe kuhluke.
Ukuze usebenzise izinsiza zamandla ezingazodwa noma ezingahlanganisiwe, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi iphrojekthi yangempela idinga kanjani ukunikezwa kwamandla, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, ungaqonda umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinto zamandla ezihlukanisiwe nezingahlanganisiwe:
① Imojuli yokuhlukanisa inokwethenjelwa okuphezulu, kodwa izindleko eziphezulu nokusebenza kahle okuphansi.
②Isakhiwo semojuli engahlukanisiwe silula kakhulu, sibiza kancane, sisebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokusebenza kabi kokuphepha.
Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezilandelayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okukodwa:
① Okubandakanya izikhathi zokushaqeka kukagesi ezingaba khona, njengokuthatha ugesi usuka kugridi uye ezikhathini ze-DC ezinevoltheji ephansi, udinga ukusebenzisa ugesi we-AC-DC ohlukanisiwe;
② Ibhasi lokuxhumana elilandelanayo lidlulisa idatha ngamanethiwekhi aphathekayo afana ne-RS-232, RS-485 kanye nenethiwekhi yendawo yesilawuli (CAN). Ngayinye yalezi zinhlelo ezixhumene ifakwe amandla ayo, futhi ibanga phakathi kwamasistimu livame ukuba kude. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile sidinga ukuhlukanisa ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuze kuhlukaniswe ugesi ukuze siqinisekise ukuphepha ngokomzimba kwesistimu. Ngokuhlukanisa nokusika iluphu ephansi, isistimu ivikelekile kumthelela wevoltheji ephezulu wesikhashana futhi ukuhlanekezela kwesignali kuncishisiwe.
③ Ezimbobeni ze-I/O zangaphandle, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuthembekile kwesistimu, kuyanconywa ukuthi uhlukanise ukunikezwa kwamandla kwezimbobo ze-I/O.
Ithebula elifingqiwe liboniswa kuThebula 1, futhi izinzuzo nezinkinga zalokhu okubili zicishe ziphambane.
Ithebula 1 Ubuhle nokubi bamandla ahlukanisiwe nabangewona wodwa
2, Ukukhethwa kwamandla angawodwa namandla angahlukanisiwe
Ngokuqonda izinzuzo nezinkinga zamandla kagesi ahlukanisiwe futhi angahlukanisiwe, ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo, futhi sikwazile ukwenza izinqumo ezinembile mayelana nezinketho ezijwayelekile zokunikezwa kwamandla okushumekiwe:
① Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwesistimu ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokunqanda ukuphazamiseka nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka.
② Ukunikezwa kwamandla kwe-IC noma ingxenye yesekethe ebhodini lesekethe, kusukela kuzindleko ezingabizi kakhulu kanye nevolumu, ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kwezinhlelo ezingahlukanisi.
③ Ngezidingo zokuphepha zokuvikeleka, uma udinga ukuxhuma i-AC-DC Yogesi Kamasipala, noma ugesi ozosetshenziselwa ukwelashwa, ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha komuntu, kufanele usebenzise ugesi. Kwezinye izimo, kufanele usebenzise ukunikezwa kwamandla ukuze uqinise ukuhlukaniswa.
④ Ngokunikezwa kwamandla okuxhumana okukude kwemboni, ukuze kwehliswe ngempumelelo imithelela yokuhluka kwezindawo kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuxhumanisa izintambo, ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukene ukunika amandla indawo ngayinye yokuxhumana iyodwa.
⑤ Ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla ebhethri, amandla angahlukanisiwe asetshenziselwa impilo yebhethri eqinile.
Ngokuqonda izinzuzo nezinkinga zokuzihlukanisa namandla angahlukanisi, banezinzuzo zabo siqu. Kweminye imiklamo eshumekiwe eshumekiwe kagesi evame ukusetshenziswa, singafingqa izikhathi ozikhethele zona.
1.Iukunikezwa kwamandla we-solation
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwe-anti-interference nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka, ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa ukuzihlukanisa.
Mayelana nezidingo zokuphepha zokuphepha, uma udinga ukuxhuma ku-AC-DC kagesi kaMasipala, noma ugesi osetshenziswa kwezokwelashwa, kanye nemishini emhlophe, ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha komuntu, kufanele usebenzise ugesi, njenge-MPS MP020, yempendulo yokuqala ye-AC-DC, elungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingu-1 ~ 10W;
Ukuze kunikezwe amandla ezokuxhumana ezikude ezimbonini, ukuze kwehliswe ngempumelelo imiphumela yokuhluka kwezindawo kanye nokuphazamiseka kokuxhumanisa izintambo, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukene ukuze kunikwe amandla indawo ngayinye yokuxhumana iyodwa.
2. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okungahlukanisiwe
I-IC noma isifunda esithile ebhodini lesifunda sinikwa amandla isilinganiso samanani kanye nevolumu, futhi isisombululo sokungahlukanisi siyathandwa; njenge-MPS MP150/157/MP174 uchungechunge lwenkunzi engahlukanisi i-AC-DC, ilungele i-1 ~ 5W;
Endabeni ye-voltage yokusebenza engaphansi kuka-36V, ibhethri lisetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka amandla, futhi kunezidingo eziqinile zokukhuthazela, futhi ugesi ongahlukanisi uyathandwa, njenge-MP2451/MPQ2451 ye-MPS.
Ubuhle nokubi kwamandla okuhlukanisa kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okungewona wodwa
Ngokuqonda okuhle nokubi kokuzihlukanisa nokungahlukanisi kwamandla kagesi, banezinzuzo zabo siqu. Kwezinye izinketho zokunikezwa kwamandla okushumekiwe okuvame ukusetshenziswa, singalandela izimo zokwahlulela ezilandelayo:
Ngezidingo zokuphepha, uma udinga ukuxhuma ku-AC-DC kagesi kaMasipala, noma ugesi wezokwelapha, ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha komuntu, kufanele usebenzise ugesi, futhi ezinye izikhathi kufanele usetshenziselwe thuthukisa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukanisa.
Ngokuvamile, izidingo ze-module power isolation voltage aziphezulu kakhulu, kodwa i-voltage ephezulu yokuhlukanisa ingaqinisekisa ukuthi ukunikezwa kwamandla kwemojula kunokuvuza kwamanje okuncane, ukuphepha okuphezulu nokuthembeka, nezici ze-EMC zingcono. Ngakho-ke Izinga elijwayelekile le-voltage yokuhlukanisa lingaphezu kuka-1500VDC.
3, izinyathelo zokuphepha zokukhethwa kwemojula yamandla okuhlukanisa
Ukumelana nokuhlukaniswa kokunikezwa kwamandla kubizwa nangokuthi amandla aphikisana nogesi kuzinga likazwelonke le-GB-4943. Leli zinga le-GB-4943 lingamazinga okuphepha ezinto zokusebenza zolwazi esivame ukukusho, ukuvimbela abantu ekubeni izindinganiso zikazwelonke ezingokwenyama nezikagesi, okuhlanganisa nokugwema ukugwema Abantu balinyazwa ukushaqeka kukagesi, ukulimala ngokomzimba, ukuqhuma. Njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi, umdwebo wesakhiwo sokuhlukaniswa kwamandla kagesi.
Umdwebo wesakhiwo samandla okuhlukanisa
Njengenkomba ebalulekile yamandla emojula, izinga lokuzihlukanisa kanye nendlela yokuhlola ukumelana nengcindezi nayo ibekwe ezingeni. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kokuxhumeka okungase kube namandla alinganayo ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa phakathi nokuhlolwa okulula. Umdwebo wohlelo lokuxhuma umi kanje:
Umdwebo obalulekile wokumelana nokuhlukaniswa
Izindlela Zokuhlola:
Setha i-voltage yokumelana ne-voltage enanini elishiwo lokumelana ne-voltage, yamanje isethwe njengenani elishiwo lokuvuza, futhi isikhathi sibekwe enanini lesikhathi sokuhlola elishiwo;
Amamitha okucindezela okusebenzayo aqala ukuhlola futhi aqale ukucindezela. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa esinqunyiwe, imojula kufanele ingapeyithiwe futhi ingabi ne-fly arc.
Qaphela ukuthi imojuli yamandla e-welding kufanele ikhethwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ukuze kugwenywe ukushiswa okuphindaphindiwe futhi kulimaze imojula yamandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, naka:
1. Qaphela ukuthi ngabe i-AC-DC noma i-DC-DC.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemojula yamandla okuzihlukanisa. Isibonelo, ukuthi i-1000V DC iyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zokufakelwa.
3. Ukuthi imojula yamandla okuzihlukanisa inokuhlolwa kokwethembeka okuphelele yini. Imojula yamandla kufanele yenziwe ngokuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukuhlolwa kokubekezelelana, izimo zesikhashana, ukuhlolwa kokuthembeka, ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwe-EMC kagesi, ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu neliphansi, ukuhlolwa okwedlulele, ukuhlolwa kwempilo, ukuhlolwa kokuphepha, njll.
4. Ukuthi umugqa wokukhiqiza wemojula yamandla ehlukanisiwe umisiwe yini. Ulayini wokukhiqiza wemojula yamandla udinga ukuphasisa inombolo yezitifiketi zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-ISO9001, ISO14001, OHSAS18001, njll., njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 3 ngezansi.
Umdwebo 3 wesitifiketi se-ISO
5. Ukuthi imojula yamandla okuhlukanisa isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo njengezimboni nezimoto. Imojula yamandla ayisetshenziswanga kuphela endaweni yezimboni enokhahlo, kodwa futhi ohlelweni lokuphatha lwe-BMS lwezimoto zamandla amasha.
4,Tubona amandla okuzihlukanisa kanye namandla okungewona wodwa
Okokuqala nje, ukungezwani kuyachazwa: Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi amandla angahlukanisi awalungile njengamandla okuhlukanisa abantu, ngoba ugesi ongawodwa uyabiza, ngakho kufanele ubize.
Kungani kungcono ukusebenzisa amandla okuzihlukanisa kunokungahlukanisi emibonweni yawo wonke umuntu manje? Eqinisweni, lo mbono uwukuhlala embonweni eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuzinza okungahlukaniswa muntu eminyakeni edlule akunakho ukuhlukaniswa nokuzinza, kodwa ngokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe be-R & D, ukungahlukaniswa kwabantu manje sekuvuthwe kakhulu futhi kuzinza kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngokuvikeleka, empeleni, amandla angahlukanisi nawo aphephe kakhulu. Uma nje isakhiwo sisashintshwa kancane, sisaphephile emzimbeni womuntu. Isizathu esifanayo, amandla angahlukanisi nawo angadlula izindinganiso eziningi zokuphepha, njenge: Ultuvsaace.
Eqinisweni, umsuka wembangela yomonakalo kugesi ongahlukanisiwe ubangelwa i-voltage ekhuphukayo kuzo zombili iziphetho zolayini wamandla we-AC. Kungashiwo futhi ukuthi igagasi lombani liyakhuphuka. La mandla kagesi angamandla kagesi aphezulu ngokushesha kuzo zombili iziphetho zomugqa we-voltage AC, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike kuma-volts ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Kodwa isikhathi sifushane kakhulu futhi amandla anamandla kakhulu. Kuzokwenzeka uma kuduma, noma kulayini we-AC ofanayo, lapho umthwalo omkhulu unqanyulwa, ngoba inertia yamanje nayo izokwenzeka. Isekhethi ye-BUCK yokuhlukanisa izodlulisa ngokushesha kokuphumayo, kulimaze iringi yamanje etholakala njalo, noma ilimaze nakakhulu i-chip, ibangele ukuthi i-300V idlule, futhi ishise sonke isibani. Ngokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlukanisa alwa nolaka, i-MOS izolimala. Isimanga ukuthi isitoreji, i-chip, namashubhu e-MOS ayashiswa. Manje ukunikezwa kwamandla aqhutshwa yi-LED kubi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi ngaphezu kuka-80% yizimo ezimbili ezifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikezwa kwamandla okushintshwa okuncane, ngisho noma kuyi-adaptha yamandla, kuvame ukulinyazwa yilesi simo, esibangelwa i-voltage yamagagasi, futhi kumandla kagesi we-LED, kuvame kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izici zomthwalo we-LED zesaba ikakhulukazi amagagasi. I-voltage.
Ngokusho kwethiyori evamile, izingxenye ezincane zesekethe ye-elekthronikhi, ziphakeme ukuthembeka, futhi zinciphisa ukuthembeka kwebhodi lesifunda lengxenye enkulu. Eqinisweni, ama-non-isolation circuits angaphansi kwamasekhethi ahlukanisayo. Kungani ukuthembeka kwesekethe yokuhlukanisa kuphezulu? Eqinisweni, akukona ukwethembeka, kodwa isifunda esingeyona yodwa sizwela kakhulu ekuqhumeni, ikhono elibi lokuvimbela, kanye nesifunda sokuzihlukanisa, ngoba amandla angena ku-transformer kuqala, bese ehambisa kumthwalo we-LED kusuka ku-transformer. Isifunda sebhaka siyingxenye yokufaka amandla okufakwayo ngqo kumthwalo we-LED. Ngakho-ke, owokuqala unethuba elinamandla lokulimala ekukhuphukeni kokucindezela nokunciphisa, ngakho-ke kuncane. Eqinisweni, inkinga yokungazihlukanisi ibangelwa ikakhulukazi inkinga yokuhlinzwa. Njengamanje, le nkinga iwukuthi izibani ze-LED kuphela ezingabonwa kusukela emathubeni angabonwa kusukela emathubeni. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi abazange baphakamise indlela enhle yokuvimbela. Abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi iyini i-wave voltage, abantu abaningi. Izibani ze-LED ziphukile, futhi isizathu asitholakali. Ekugcineni, umusho owodwa kuphela. Lokho okuphakelwa kukagesi akuzinzile futhi kuzoxazululwa. Ukuphi okungazinzile, akazi.
Ukunikezwa kwamandla okungewona wodwa kuwukusebenza kahle, futhi okwesibili ukuthi izindleko zizuzisa kakhulu.
Amandla angahlukanisi afanele izikhathi: Okokuqala, amalambu angaphakathi. Le ndawo kagesi yasendlini ingcono futhi ithonya lamagagasi lincane. Okwesibili, isikhathi sokusebenzisa i-voltage encane futhi yamanje encane. Ukungahlukaniswa kwabantu akusho lutho kuma-low-voltage currents, ngoba ukusebenza kahle kwe-low -voltage kanye nemisinga emikhulu akuphakeme kunokuhlukaniswa, futhi izindleko zingaphansi kokuningi. Okwesithathu, ugesi ongahlukanisi usetshenziswa endaweni ezinzile. Yiqiniso, uma kukhona indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokucindezela ukuhlinzwa, ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungewona wodwa buzonwebeka kakhulu!
Ngenxa yenkinga yamagagasi, izinga lomonakalo akufanele lithathwe kancane. Ngokuvamile, uhlobo lwembuyiselo elungisiwe, umshwalense olimazayo, i-chip, kanye neyokuqala ye-MOS kufanele icabange ngenkinga yamagagasi. Ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lomonakalo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele izici zokuhlinzwa lapho uklama, noma ukuyeka abasebenzisi lapho kusetshenziswa, futhi uzame ukugwema ukuhlinzwa. (Okufana nezibani zasendlini, zicime okwamanje uma ulwa)
Kafushane, ukusetshenziswa kokuzihlukanisa nokungahlukanisi kuvame ukuba ngenxa yenkinga yokuqhuma kwamagagasi, futhi inkinga yamagagasi kanye nemvelo kagesi ihlobene eduze. Ngakho-ke, izikhathi eziningi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuhlukanisa kanye nogesi ongahlukanisi akukwazi ukunqanyulwa ngakunye. Izindleko zinenzuzo kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukukhetha ukungahlukaniswa noma ukuhlukaniswa njenge-LED -drive power supply.
5. Isifinyezo
Lesi sihloko sethula umehluko phakathi kwamandla okuzihlukanisa kanye nokungahlukanisi, kanye nezinzuzo nokubi, izikhathi zokuzijwayeza, kanye nokukhethwa kokukhethwa kwamandla okuzihlukanisa. Ngethemba ukuthi onjiniyela bangasebenzisa lokhu njengereferensi ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo. Futhi ngemva kokwehluleka komkhiqizo, beka ngokushesha inkinga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-08-2023
