Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi, inombolo yokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi emishinini ikhula kancane kancane, futhi ukwethembeka kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nakho kubekwa phambili izidingo eziphezulu neziphakeme. Izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ziyisisekelo semishini ye-elekthronikhi kanye nezinsiza eziyisisekelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwemishini kagesi, ukwethembeka kwayo kuthinta ngqo ukudlala okugcwele kokusebenza kahle kwemishini. Ukuze sikusize uqonde ngokujulile, okuqukethwe okulandelayo kunikezwa ukuze kube yinkomba yakho.
Incazelo yokuhlolwa kokwethembeka:
Ukuhlola ukwethembeka kuwuchungechunge lokuhlola nokuhlola ukukhetha imikhiqizo enezici ezithile noma ukuqeda ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwemikhiqizo.
Ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka Inhloso:
Okokuqala: Khetha imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezidingo.
Okwesibili: qeda ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwemikhiqizo.
Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kokwethembeka:
Izinga lokwethembeka leqoqo lezingxenye lingathuthukiswa ngokuhlola imikhiqizo yokwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, izinga lokuhluleka lingancishiswa ngesigamu ukuya ku-oda elilodwa lobukhulu, ngisho nama-oda amabili obukhulu.
Izici zokuhlola ukwethembeka:
(1) Ukuhlola okungangonakali kwemikhiqizo engenasici kodwa esebenza kahle, kuyilapho emikhiqizweni enokukhubazeka okungenzeka, kufanele kubangele ukwehluleka kwayo.
(2) Ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka kuwukuhlola okungu-100%, hhayi ukuhlolwa kwesampula. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa, azikho izindlela zokuhluleka ezintsha kanye nezindlela okufanele zengezwe kunqwaba.
(3) Ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka akukwazi ukuthuthukisa ukwethembeka okungokwemvelo kwemikhiqizo. Kodwa kungathuthukisa ukwethembeka kwenqwaba.
(4) Ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa izinto eziningi zokuhlola ukwethembeka.
Ukuhlukaniswa kokuhlolwa kokwethembeka:
Ukuhlolwa kokwethembeka kungahlukaniswa ngokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwemvelo okukhethekile.
Imikhiqizo esetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zemvelo idinga kuphela ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile, kuyilapho imikhiqizo esetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile zemvelo idinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwemvelo ngaphezu kokuhlolwa okuvamile.
Ukukhethwa kokuhlolwa kwangempela kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko ngokuya ngemodi yokwehluleka kanye nendlela yomkhiqizo, ngokuya ngamazinga ahlukene ekhwalithi, kuhlanganiswe nezidingo zokwethembeka noma izimo zangempela zesevisi kanye nesakhiwo senqubo.
Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngezakhiwo zokuhlola:
① Ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa: ukuhlolwa kwe-microscopic kanye nokuhlolwa; Ukuhlolwa kwe-infrared okungalimazi; I-PIND. Ukuhlolwa kwe-X - ray okungonakalisi.
② Ukuhlolwa kokuvala: ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kokucwiliswa kwamanzi; Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kwe-Helium mass spectrometry; Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kwe-radioactive tracer; Ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kokuswakama.
(3) Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka kwendawo: ukudlidliza, umthelela, ukuhlola ukusheshisa kwe-centrifugal; Ukuhlolwa kokushaqeka kwezinga lokushisa.
(4) Ukuhlolwa kokuphila: ukuhlolwa kwesitoreji sokushisa okuphezulu; Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwamandla.
Ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile zokusetshenziswa - ukuhlolwa kwesibili
Ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye kuhlukaniswe "ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo" kanye "nokuhlolwa kwesibili".
Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngumkhiqizi wengxenye ngokuhambisana nemininingwane yomkhiqizo (imininingwane evamile, ukucaciswa okuningiliziwe) kwezingxenye ngaphambi kokulethwa kumsebenzisi kubizwa ngokuthi “ukuhlola okuyinhloko”.
Ukuhlolwa kabusha okwenziwa umsebenzisi wengxenye ngokwezidingo zokusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuthenga kubizwa ngokuthi “ukuhlolwa kwesibili”.
Injongo yokuhlolwa kwesibili ukukhetha izingxenye ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko zomsebenzisi ngokuhlola noma ukuhlola.
(ukuhlolwa kwesibili) ububanzi besicelo
Umkhiqizi wengxenye akakwenzi “ukuhlola kanye”, noma umsebenzisi akanakho ukuqonda okuqondile kwezinto “zokuhlola kanye” nezingcindezi.
Umkhiqizi wengxenye wenze "ukuhlola isikhathi esisodwa", kodwa into noma ingcindezi "yokuhlolwa kanye" ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zekhwalithi zomsebenzisi zengxenye;
Azikho izinhlinzeko ezithile ekucacisweni kwezingxenye, futhi umenzi wengxenye akanazo izinto zokuhlola ezikhethekile ezinemibandela yokuhlola.
Izingxenye ezidinga ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi umkhiqizi wezingxenye wenze “ukuhlola okukodwa” ngokwezidingo zenkontileka noma imininingwane, noma uma ukufaneleka “kokuhlola okukodwa” kukasonkontileka kungatshazwa.
Ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile zokusetshenziswa - ukuhlolwa kwesibili
Izinto zokuhlola "ukuhlolwa kwesibili" zingabhekiselwa ezintweni zokuhlola eziyinhloko futhi zenziwe ngendlela efanele.
Izimiso zokunquma ukulandelana kwezinto zokuhlolwa kwesibili yilezi:
(1) Izinto zokuhlola izindleko eziphansi kufanele zifakwe ohlwini kwasekuqaleni. Ngoba lokhu kunganciphisa inani lamadivayisi okuhlola abiza kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise izindleko.
(2) Izinto zokuhlola ezihlelwe ekuqaleni zizohambisana nokuvezwa kokukhubazeka kwezingxenye ezintweni zokuhlola zokugcina.
(3) Kudingekile ukucabangela ngokucophelela ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa kokubili, ukubeka uphawu nokuhlolwa kokugcina kagesi, okuza kuqala futhi okuza okwesibili. Ngemva kokuphumelela ukuhlolwa kukagesi, idivayisi ingase yehluleke ngenxa yokulimala kwe-electrostatic nezinye izizathu ngemva kokuhlolwa kokuvala. Uma izinyathelo zokuvikela i-electrostatic ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuvala zifanelekile, ukuhlolwa kokuvala kufanele kugcinwe ekugcineni.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-16-2023
