Amaphrojekthi amaningi onjiniyela be-Hardware aqedwa ebhodini lembobo, kepha kukhona okwenzekayo kokuxhuma ngephutha amatheminali amahle nebi wokunikezwa kwamandla, okuholela ekushiseni kwezingxenye eziningi ze-elekthronikhi, ngisho nebhodi lonke libhujiswa, futhi kufanele ashiselwe futhi, angazi ukuthi iyiphi indlela enhle ukuyixazulula?
Okokuqala, ukunganaki akunakugwenywa, nakuba kuwukuphela kokuhlukanisa izintambo ezimbili ezinhle nezimbi, ezibomvu nezimnyama, zingase zifakwe izintambo kanye, ngeke senze amaphutha; Ukuxhumana okuyishumi ngeke kuhambe kabi, kodwa okungu-1,000? Kuthiwani nge-10,000? Ngalesi sikhathi kunzima ukusho, ngenxa yobudedengu bethu, okuholela kwezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nama-chips ashiswe, isizathu esiyinhloko siwukuthi i-ambassador yamanje izingxenye eziningi ziphukile, ngakho-ke kufanele sithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela uxhumano oluphambene. .
Kunezindlela ezilandelayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu:
01 uchungechunge lwe-diode uhlobo lwesekethe yokuvikela okuphambene nokuhlehla
I-diode eya phambili ixhunywe ochungechungeni kokokufaka kwamandla okuphozithivu ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izici zediode zokuqhuba phambili nokunqamuka kokuhlehla. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ithubhu yesibili iqhuba futhi ibhodi lesifunda lisebenza.
Lapho ukunikezwa kwamandla kuguqulwa, i-diode inqanyuliwe, ukunikezwa kwamandla akukwazi ukwenza i-loop, futhi ibhodi lesifunda lingasebenzi, elingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo inkinga yokunikezwa kwamandla.
02 Isekhethi yokuvikela ephikisana nokuhlehla yohlobo lwebhuloho lokulungisa
Sebenzisa ibhuloho lokulungisa ukuze uguqule okokufaka kwamandla kube okokufaka okungekona kwe-polar, noma ngabe ukunikezwa kwamandla kuxhunyiwe noma kuhlehlisiwe, ibhodi lisebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Uma i-silicon diode inokwehla kokucindezela okungaba ngu-0.6~0.8V, i-germanium diode nayo inokwehla kokucindezela okungaba ngu-0.2~0.4V, uma ukwehla kwengcindezi kukukhulu kakhulu, ishubhu le-MOS lingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni okulwa nokusabela, ukwehla kokucindezela kweshubhu le-MOS kuncane kakhulu, kuze kufike kuma-miliohm ambalwa, futhi ukwehla kwengcindezi kucishe kungabi nandaba.
03 Isekhethi yokuvikela ishubhu ye-MOS ephikisana nokuhlehla
Ishubhu le-MOS ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo, izakhiwo zayo kanye nezinye izici, ukumelana kwayo kwangaphakathi kuncane, okuningi kuyizinga le-milliohm, noma kuncane kakhulu, ukuze ukwehla kwamandla kagesi wesifunda, ukulahleka kwamandla okubangelwa isekethe kuncane kakhulu, noma kuncane kakhulu. , ngakho-ke khetha ithubhu ye-MOS ukuvikela isekethe kuyindlela enconywe kakhulu.
1) Ukuvikelwa kwe-NMOS
Njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi: Ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa, i-diode ye-parasitic yeshubhu ye-MOS iyavulwa, futhi isistimu yenza iluphu. Amandla omthombo S angaba ngu-0.6V, kanti amandla esango G yi-Vbat. I-voltage yokuvula yeshubhu ye-MOS idlulele: Ugs = Vbat-Vs, isango liphakeme, i-ds ye-NMOS ivuliwe, i-diode ye-parasitic i-circuited short-circuited, futhi isistimu yenza iluphu ngokufinyelela kwe-ds ye-NMOS.
Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kubuyiselwa emuva, i-on-voltage ye-NMOS ingu-0, i-NMOS inqanyuliwe, i-diode ye-parasitic ihlehliswa, futhi isifunda sinqanyuliwe, ngaleyo ndlela senza isivikelo.
2) Ukuvikelwa kwe-PMOS
Njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi: Ngesikhathi sokukhanyisa, i-diode ye-parasitic yeshubhu ye-MOS iyavulwa, futhi isistimu yenza iluphu. Amandla omthombo S amayelana ne-Vbat-0.6V, kuyilapho amandla esango G angu-0. I-voltage yokuvula ye-tube ye-MOS idlulele kakhulu: Ugs = 0 - (Vbat-0.6), isango liziphatha njengezinga eliphansi. , i-ds ye-PMOS ivuliwe, i-parasitic diode inomjikelezo omfushane, futhi isistimu yenza iluphu ngokufinyelela kwe-ds kwe-PMOS.
Uma ukunikezwa kwamandla kuguqulwa, i-on-voltage ye-NMOS inkulu kune-0, i-PMOS inqanyuliwe, i-diode ye-parasitic ihlehliswa, futhi isifunda sinqanyuliwe, ngaleyo ndlela senza ukuvikelwa.
Qaphela: Intambo yamashubhu e-NMOS i-ds kuya ku-electrode eyinegethivu, intambo yamashubhu e-PMOS i-ds ku-electrode ephozithivu, futhi isiqondiso se-diode eyisinambuzane sibheke endaweni exhunywe ngokulungile yamanje.
Ukufinyelela kwezigxobo ze-D no-S zeshubhu le-MOS: ngokuvamile lapho kusetshenziswa ishubhu le-MOS elinesiteshi esingu-N, lamanje ngokuvamile lingena lisuka esigxotsheni sika-D liphume esigxotsheni sika-S, bese i-PMOS ingena bese u-D ephuma e-S. isigxobo, futhi okuphambene nalokho kuyiqiniso uma kusetshenziswa kulo mjikelezo, isimo se-voltage ye-tube ye-MOS sihlangene ngokuqhutshwa kwe-diode ye-parasitic.
Ishubhu le-MOS lizovulwa ngokugcwele inqobo nje uma kusungulwa amandla kagesi afanelekile phakathi kwezigxobo ze-G kanye ne-S. Ngemva kokwenza, kufana nokuthi iswishi ivaliwe phakathi kuka-D no-S, futhi okwamanje ukumelana okufanayo ukusuka ku-D kuye ku-S noma ku-S kuya ku-D.
Ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo, isigxobo se-G ngokuvamile sixhunywa nesiphikisayo, futhi ukuze kuvinjwe ishubhu le-MOS ukuthi lingabhidlizwa, i-diode yokulawula i-voltage ingase yengezwe. I-capacitor exhunywe ngokuhambisana nesihlukanisi inomphumela wokuqala othambile. Okwamanje i-current iqala ukugeleza, i-capacitor ishajwa futhi i-voltage yesigxobo se-G iyakhiwa kancane kancane.
Ku-PMOS, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-NOMS, i-Vgs iyadingeka ukuthi ibe nkulu kune-threshold voltage. Ngenxa yokuthi i-voltage yokuvula ingaba ngu-0, umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwe-DS awumkhulu, onenzuzo enkulu kune-NMOS.
04 Ukuvikelwa kwe-fuse
Imikhiqizo eminingi ye-elekthronikhi evamile ingabonakala ngemuva kokuvula ingxenye yokuhlinzeka amandla nge-fuse, ekunikezeni amandla kubuyiselwa emuva, kukhona isifunda esifushane kumjikelezo ngenxa yamanje enkulu, bese i-fuse ishaywa, idlala indima ekuvikeleni wesifunda, kodwa ngale ndlela ukulungisa nokushintshwa kuyinkinga kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-10-2023
