I-Capacitor iyidivayisi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesekethe, ingenye yezingxenye ezingenzi lutho, idivayisi esebenzayo imane nje iyisidingo samandla (kagesi) umthombo wedivaysi ebizwa ngokuthi idivayisi esebenzayo, ngaphandle kwamandla (kagesi) umthombo wedivayisi iyidivayisi engenzi lutho. .
Indima kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-capacitor ngokuvamile kuyizinhlobo eziningi, njengalezi: indima ye-bypass, i-decoupling, ukuhlunga, ukugcinwa kwamandla; Ekuqedeni i-oscillation, ukuvumelanisa kanye nendima yesikhathi esingaguquki.
I-Dc isolation: Umsebenzi ukuvimbela i-DC ukuthi idlule futhi uvumele i-AC idlule.
I-Bypass (i-decoupling) : Ihlinzeka ngendlela ene-impedance ephansi yezingxenye ezithile ezihambisanayo kusekethe ye-AC.
I-Bypass capacitor: I-bypass capacitor, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-decoupling capacitor, iyidivayisi yokugcina amandla enikeza amandla kudivayisi. Isebenzisa izici ze-impedance ye-frequency ye-capacitor, izici zemvamisa ye-capacitor efanelekile njengoba imvamisa inyuka, i-impedance iyancipha, njengechibi, ingenza umfaniswano wokuphuma kwe-voltage ophumayo, inciphise ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage yomthwalo. I-bypass capacitor kufanele ibe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka nephinikhodi yokunikeza amandla kanye nephinikhodi yaphansi yedivayisi yokulayisha, okuyisidingo sokuvimbela.
Lapho udweba i-PCB, qaphela ngokukhethekile iqiniso lokuthi kuphela lapho iseduze nengxenye lapho ingacindezela ukuphakama okungaba khona komhlaba nomsindo obangelwa amandla kagesi amaningi noma okunye ukudluliswa kwesignali. Ukulibeka ngembaba, ingxenye ye-AC kagesi we-DC ihlanganiswe nokunikezwa kwamandla nge-capacitor, edlala indima yokuhlanza ukunikezwa kwamandla ka-DC. I-C1 iyi-bypass capacitor emfanekisweni olandelayo, futhi umdwebo kufanele usondele ngangokunokwenzeka ku-IC1.
I-Decoupling capacitor: I-decoupling capacitor iyisiphazamiso sesiginali yokuphuma njengento yokuhlunga, i-decoupling capacitor ilingana nebhethri, ukusetshenziswa kokushaja kwayo nokukhishwa kwayo, ukuze isignali ekhulisiwe ingaphazanyiswa ukuguqulwa kwamanje. . Umthamo wayo uncike emvamisa yesiginali kanye nezinga lokucindezelwa kwama-ripples, futhi i-decoupling capacitor izodlala indima "yebhethri" ukuze ihlangabezane nezinguquko kumjikelezo wedrayivu wamanje futhi igweme ukuphazanyiswa kokuhlanganisa phakathi komunye nomunye.
I-bypass capacitor empeleni i-de-couped, kodwa i-bypass capacitor ngokuvamile ibhekisela ku-high-frequency bypass, okungukuthi, ukuthuthukisa umsindo oshintshayo we-high-frequency womzila wokukhululwa ophansi. I-high-frequency bypass capacitance ngokuvamile incane, futhi imvamisa ye-resonant ngokuvamile ingu-0.1F, 0.01F, njll. Amandla we-decoupling capacitor ngokuvamile makhulu, angaba ngu-10F noma ngaphezulu, kuye ngamapharamitha asabalalisiwe kusekethe futhi ushintsho lwamanje lwedrayivu.
Umehluko phakathi kwazo: i-bypass ukuhlunga ukuphazamiseka kusignali yokokufaka njengento, futhi ukuhlukanisa ukuhlunga ukuphazamiseka kusignali yokuphumayo njengento yokuvimbela isignali yokuphazamiseka ekubuyeleni ekunikezeni amandla.
Ukuhlanganisa: Kusebenza njengokuxhumana phakathi kwamasekhethi amabili, okuvumela amasignali e-AC ukuthi adlule futhi adluliselwe kusekethi yeleveli elandelayo.
I-capacitor isetshenziswa njengengxenye yokuhlanganisa ukuze idlulisele isignali yangaphambili esigabeni sokugcina, futhi ivimbele ithonya lamanje eliqondile langaphambili esigabeni sokugcina, ukuze ukulungisa iphutha lesifunda kube lula futhi ukusebenza kuzinzile. Uma ukukhulisa isignali ye-AC kungashintshi ngaphandle kwe-capacitor, kodwa indawo yokusebenza kuwo wonke amazinga idinga ukuhlelwa kabusha, ngenxa yethonya lezigaba zangaphambili nezangemuva, ukulungisa iphutha endaweni yokusebenza kunzima kakhulu, futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukufeza amazinga amaningi.
Hlunga: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumjikelezo, i-capacitor ngemuva kwe-CPU ngokuyisisekelo yile ndima.
Okusho ukuthi, uma i-frequency f inkulu, incane i-impedance Z ye-capacitor. Lapho imvamisa ephansi, i-capacitance C ngoba i-impedance Z inkulu kakhulu, amasignali awusizo angadlula kahle; Emazingeni aphezulu, i-capacitor C isivele incane kakhulu ngenxa ye-impedance Z, okulingana nomsindo we-high-frequency ojikelezayo omfushane oya ku-GND.
Isenzo sokuhlunga: amandla afanelekile, amandla amakhulu, i-impedance encane, imvamisa yokudlula iphezulu. Ama-electrolytic capacitor ngokuvamile angaphezu kwe-1uF, enengxenye enkulu ye-inductance, ngakho-ke i-impedance izoba enkulu ngemva kwefrikhwensi ephezulu. Sivame ukubona ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi kune-capacitance enkulu ye-electrolytic capacitor ngokuhambisana ne-capacitor encane, empeleni, i-capacitor enkulu ngokusebenzisa imvamisa ephansi, i-capacitance encane ngokusebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu, ukuze kuhlungwe ngokugcwele ama-frequency aphezulu naphansi. Ukuphakama kwemvamisa ye-capacitor, ukuncishiswa okukhulu, i-capacitor ifana nechibi, amaconsi ambalwa amanzi awanele ukudala ushintsho olukhulu kuwo, okungukuthi, ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage akusona isikhathi esihle lapho. i-voltage ingavinjelwa.
Umfanekiso C2 Isinxephezelo Sezinga lokushisa: Ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwesifunda ngokunxephezela umphumela wokungaguquguquki okwanele kwezinga lokushisa kwezinye izingxenye.
Ukuhlaziywa: Ngenxa yokuthi umthamo we-timing capacitor unquma imvamisa ye-oscillation ye-oscillator yolayini, amandla we-timing capacitor kudingeka ukuthi azinze kakhulu futhi angaguquki ngokushintsha komswakama wemvelo, ukuze enze imvamisa ye-oscillation umugqa oscillator esitebeleni. Ngakho-ke, ama-capacitor anama-coefficients okushisa amahle futhi angalungile asetshenziswa ngokufana ukuze afeze ukuhambisana kwezinga lokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lokusebenza likhuphuka, amandla e-C1 ayanda, kuyilapho amandla e-C2 ehla. Umthamo ophelele wama-capacitor amabili ngokuhambisana iyisamba samakhono ama-capacitor amabili. Njengoba umthamo owodwa ukhula ngenkathi omunye uncipha, umthamo ophelele awushintshile. Ngokufanayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lincishisiwe, amandla e-capacitor eyodwa ayancishiswa kanti enye iyanda, futhi umthamo ophelele awushintshiwe ngokuyisisekelo, oqinisa imvamisa ye-oscillation futhi ufeza injongo yesinxephezelo sokushisa.
Isikhathi: I-capacitor isetshenziswa ngokubambisana ne-resistor ukucacisa isikhathi esingaguquki sesekethe.
Uma isignali yokufaka igxuma isuka phansi iye phezulu, isifunda se-RC siyafakwa ngemva kokubhafa 1. Isici sokushaja kwe-capacitor senza isignali endaweni B ingagxumi ngokushesha ngesignali yokokufaka, kodwa inenqubo yokwanda kancane kancane. Uma inkulu ngokwanele, isigcinalwazi 2 siyaphenduka, okuholela ekugxumeni okubambezelekile ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu ekukhipheni.
Isikhathi esingashintshi: Ukuthatha uchungechunge olujwayelekile lwe-RC isekethe ehlanganisiwe njengesibonelo, lapho i-voltage yesiginali yokufaka isetshenziswa ekugcineni kokufaka, i-voltage ku-capacitor ikhuphuka kancane kancane. Amandla wokushaja ancipha ngokukhuphuka kwe-voltage, i-resistor R kanye ne-capacitor C zixhunywe ochungechungeni kusignali yokufaka VI, kanye nesignali yokuphumayo engu-V0 kusukela ku-capacitor C, lapho inani le-RC (τ) kanye negagasi lesikwele lokufaka. ububanzi tW meet: τ “tW”, le sekhethi ibizwa ngokuthi i-integrated circuit.
Ukushuna: Ukucushwa okuhlelekile kwamasekhethi ancike kumafrikhwensi, njengamaselula, amarediyo, namasethi kamabonakude.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-resonant frequency ye-IC tuned oscillating circuit iwumsebenzi we-IC, sithola ukuthi isilinganiso sobukhulu ukuya kobuncane bemvamisa ye-resonant yesekethe ye-oscillating siyahlukahluka kumsuka wesikwele we-capacitance ratio. I-capacitance ratio lapha ibhekisela esilinganisweni se-capacitance lapho i-voltage ye-bias ehlehlayo iphansi kakhulu kumandla lapho i-voltage yokuchema ehlehlayo iphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ijika lesici sokuhlela sesekhethi (imvamisa ye-bias-resonant) ngokuyisisekelo iyi-parabola.
Isilungisi: Ukuvula noma ukuvala isici se-conductor evalwe kancane ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe.
Ukugcina amandla: Ukugcina amandla kagesi ukuze akhululwe uma kudingeka. Okufana nekhamera yekhamera, imishini yokushisa, njll.
Ngokuvamile, ama-electrolytic capacitors azoba nendima yokugcina amandla, kuma-capacitor okugcina amandla akhethekile, indlela yokugcina amandla e-capacitive i-double electric layer capacitors kanye ne-Faraday capacitors. Ifomu layo eliyinhloko isitoreji samandla e-supercapacitor, lapho ama-supercapacitor angama-capacitor esebenzisa isimiso sezingqimba zikagesi eziphindwe kabili.
Lapho i-voltage esetshenzisiwe isetshenziswa kumapuleti amabili e-supercapacitor, i-electrode enhle yepuleti igcina ukushajwa okuhle, futhi ipuleti elibi ligcina icala elibi, njengama-capacitor ajwayelekile. Ngaphansi kwenkundla kagesi ekhiqizwe ukushaja kumapuleti amabili we-supercapacitor, ukukhokhiswa okuphambene kwakhiwa ku-interface phakathi kwe-electrolyte kanye ne-electrode ukulinganisa insimu yangaphakathi kagesi ye-electrolyte.
Lokhu kushaja okuhle kanye nokushaja okunegethivu kuhlelwa ngezikhundla eziphambene endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene ezinegebe elifushane kakhulu phakathi kwezindleko eziqondile nezingezinhle, futhi lesi sendlalelo sokusabalalisa ukushaja sibizwa ngokuthi ungqimba lukagesi oluphindwe kabili, ngakho amandla kagesi makhulu kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-15-2023
