Ukushoda kwe-chip kanye nesenzeko se-chip mbumbulu ngokombono womsabalalisi
Phambilini u-Evertiq ushicilele uchungechunge lwama-athikili abheka imakethe ye-semiconductor yomhlaba wonke ngokombono wabasabalalisi. Kulolu chungechunge, i-outlet ifinyelele kubasabalalisi bezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kanye nochwepheshe bokuthenga ukuze bagxile ekushodeni kwamanje kwe-semiconductor kanye nalokho abakwenzayo ukuhlangabezana nesidingo samakhasimende. Kulokhu baxoxisane noColin Strother, iphini likamongameli omkhulu weRochester Electronics, ozinze eMassachusetts.
Q: Isimo sokuphakelwa kwengxenye siye saba sibi kakhulu kusukela kwaqala ubhubhane. Ungakuchaza kanjani ukusebenza onyakeni odlule?
IMP: Izinkinga zokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo zeminyaka emibili edlule zibukele phansi isiqiniseko esijwayelekile sokulethwa. Ukuphazamiseka kwezokukhiqiza, ezokuthutha kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo ngesikhathi sodlame kuholele ekungabazeni kokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kanye nezikhathi ezinde zokulethwa. Kube nokukhuphuka okungu-15% kwezaziso zokuvala izingxenye ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezinguquko ezintweni ezibalulekile zezinkampani zezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nokugxilisa kabusha kwemboni ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezitshalo ngenxa yokubusa kwamabhethri asebenzisa amandla amancane. Njengamanje, ukushoda kwemakethe ye-semiconductor kuyisimo esivamile.
Ukugxila kwe-Rochester Electronics ekuhlinzekeni okuqhubekayo kwezingxenye ze-semiconductor kuhambisana kahle nezidingo zomjikelezo wempilo ende wabakhiqizi bemishini. Sinelayisensi engu-100% ngabakhiqizi be-semiconductor abangaphezu kuka-70 futhi sinezinhlu zazo zombili izingxenye ezingaqhutshekisiwe neziyekiwe. Ngokuyisisekelo, sinekhono lokweseka amakhasimende ethu adinga usizo ngesikhathi sokwanda kokushoda kwezingxenye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi, futhi yilokho kanye esikwenzile ngemikhiqizo engaphezu kwesigidigidi ethunyelwe ngonyaka odlule.
Q: Esikhathini esedlule, ngesikhathi sokushoda kwezingxenye, sibone ukwanda kwezingxenye zomgunyathi ezithinta imakethe. Wenzeni uRochester ukubhekana nalokhu?
IMP: Uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka luhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezikhulayo kanye nezingqinamba zokuhlinzeka; Yonke imikhakha yezimakethe ithikamezekile, kanti amakhasimende athile abhekene nengcindezi enkulu yokuphakela futhi aphendukele ezimakethe ezimpunga noma abathengisi abangagunyaziwe. Ibhizinisi lezimpahla zomgunyathi likhulu futhi zithengiswa ngale migudu yemakethe empunga futhi ekugcineni zingene ekhasimendeni lokugcina. Uma isikhathi sibalulekile futhi umkhiqizo ungatholakali, ingozi yokuthi ikhasimende lokugcina libe yisisulu somgunyathi iyanda kakhulu. Yebo, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bomkhiqizo ngokuhlola nokuhlola, kodwa lokhu kudla isikhathi futhi kuyabiza, futhi kwezinye izimo, ubuqiniso abukaqinisekiswa ngokugcwele.
Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso ukuthenga kumthengisi ogunyaziwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo uvelaphi. Abathengisi abagunyaziwe njengathi bahlinzeka ngokutholakala okungenabungozi futhi ukuphela kwenketho ephephe ngempela yokugcina imigqa yokukhiqiza yamakhasimende ethu isebenza ngesikhathi sokushoda, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi komkhiqizo.
Nakuba kungekho muntu othanda ukukhohliswa umkhiqizo womgunyathi, emhlabeni wezingxenye nezingxenye, imiphumela yokuthenga umkhiqizo womgunyathi ingaba yinhlekelele. Akulungile ukucabanga ngendiza yezentengiselwano, i-missile noma idivayisi yezokwelapha esindisa impilo enengxenye ebalulekile engumbombayi kanye nokungasebenzi kahle esizeni, kodwa lezi yizikhonkwane, futhi iziteki ziphezulu. Ukuthenga kumthengisi ogunyaziwe osebenza nomkhiqizi wengxenye yoqobo kususa lezi zingozi. Abathengisi abafana ne-Rochester Electronics banokugunyazwa okungu-100%, okubonisa ukuthi bathobelana nezinga le-SAE lendiza elingu-AS6496.
Kalula nje, agunyazwe umkhiqizi wengxenye yasekuqaleni ukuthi ahlinzeke ngemikhiqizo elandelekayo neqinisekisiwe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi noma ukwethembeka ngoba izingxenye zivela kumkhiqizi wengxenye yasekuqaleni.
Q: Iliphi iqembu lemikhiqizo ethile elithinteke kakhulu ngenxa yokushoda?
IMP: Izigaba ezimbili ezithintwa kakhulu ukushoda kwe-supply chain amadivayisi enhloso evamile (amashaneli amaningi) kanye nemikhiqizo yobunikazi lapho kukhona ezinye izindlela ezimbalwa. Njengama-chips okuphatha amandla kanye namadivayisi ahlukanisa amandla. Ezimweni eziningi, le mikhiqizo ivela emithonjeni eminingi noma inokuxhumana phakathi kwabahlinzeki abahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo kabanzi ezinhlelweni eziningi nasezimbonini eziningi, isidingo sokuhlinzeka besiphezulu, okuyinselele abahlinzeki bempahla ukuthi bahambisane nesidingo.
Imikhiqizo ye-MCU kanye ne-MPU nayo ihlangabezana nezinselelo ze-supply chain, kodwa ngesinye isizathu. Lezi zigaba ezimbili zibhekana nezingqinamba zedizayini ngezinye izindlela ezimbalwa, futhi abahlinzeki babhekene nezinhlanganisela zemikhiqizo ehlukene okufanele bayikhiqize. Lawa madivayisi ngokuvamile asekelwe kungqikithi ethile ye-CPU, inkumbulo eshumekiwe, kanye nesethi yemisebenzi ephathelene nomngcele, kanye nezimfuneko ezithile zokupakisha, kanye nesofthiwe eyisisekelo nekhodi, kungaphinda kuthinte ukuthunyelwa. Ngokuvamile, inketho engcono kakhulu yekhasimende ukuthi imikhiqizo ibe endaweni efanayo. Kodwa sibone izimo ezimbi kakhulu lapho amakhasimende elungise kabusha amabhodi ukuze alingane namaphakheji ahlukene ukuze kugcinwe imigqa yokukhiqiza isebenza.
Q: Uzizwa kanjani ngesimo semakethe samanje njengoba singena ku-2022?
A: Imboni ye-semiconductor ingaziwa njengemboni yama-cyclical. Kusukela kwasungulwa i-Rochester Electronics ngo-1981, sesibe nemijikelezo yezimboni cishe engu-19 enamazinga ahlukahlukene. Izizathu zihlukile ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Cishe njalo ziqala ngokuzumayo bese ziyama kungazelelwe. Umehluko obalulekile ngomjikelezo wezimakethe wamanje ukuthi awunqunywanga ngokumelene nesizinda somnotho womhlaba othuthukayo. Eqinisweni, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubikezela imiphumela endaweni yethu yamanje kuyinselele nakakhulu.
Ingabe izophela maduzane, ilandelwe yi-inventory overhang esivame ukuyibona, ngokungafani nesidingo esibuthakathaka somnotho, okuholela ekwehleni kwemakethe? Noma ingabe izodonswa isikhathi eside futhi yengezwe yizimo ezidingekayo ezisekelwe ekuvuseleleni umnotho womhlaba ngemva kokunqotshwa kwalolu bhubhane?
U-2021 kuzoba unyaka ongakaze ubonwe embonini ye-semiconductor. I-World Semiconductor Trade Statistics ibikezele ukuthi imakethe ye-semiconductor izokhula ngamaphesenti angu-25.6 ngo-2021, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi imakethe izoqhubeka nokukhula ngamaphesenti angu-8.8 ngo-2022. Lokhu kubangele ukushoda kwezingxenye ezimbonini eziningi. Kulo nyaka, i-Rochester Electronics iqhubekile nokutshala imali ekuthuthukiseni amakhono ayo okukhiqiza ama-semiconductor, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nokucubungula ama-chip angu-12 intshi nokupakishwa nokuhlanganisa okuthuthukile.
Uma sibheka phambili, sikholelwa ukuthi i-automotive electronics izoba yingxenye ebalulekile yesu le-Rochester, futhi siqinise uhlelo lwethu lokuphatha ikhwalithi ukuze sijulise ukuzibophezela kwethu ekunikezeni amakhasimende ethu amazinga aphezulu kakhulu emikhiqizo nesevisi.
